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Ailenin, Özel Mülkiyetin ve Devletin Kökeni

Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigenthums und des Staats

Penned By Friedrich Engels
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4.85
35,913 Global Ratings
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Ailenin, Özel Mülkiyetin ve Devletin Kökeni

Der Ursprung der Familie, des Privateigenthums und des Staats

Penned By Friedrich Engels
4.85 35,913 Ratings
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Editor's Note:
Bu kitap, deyim yerindeyse, bir vasiyetin yerine getirilmesidir. Hiç kimse Karl Marx kadar, kendi bir dereceye kadar bizim de diyebilirim materyalist tarih irdelemesi sonuçlarıyla ilişki kurarak, Morgan'ın araştırmalarından çıkan vargıları açıklamak ve bunların büyük önemini ortaya koymak istemezdi. Gerçekten, Morgan, Marx'ın kırk yıl önce keşfetmiş bulunduğu materyalist tarih görüşünü, Amerika'da, kendi alanında yeniden keşfetmiş ve bu durum, onu, barbarlık ile uygarlık arasındaki karşılaştırma konusunda, belli başlı noktalar üzerinde Marx'la aynı sonuçlara varmaya götürmüştü. Nedir ki, Almanya'nın profesyonel iktisatçıları Kapital'den sözetmemek için ne kadar direndilerse, ondan kopya çekmek için de o kadar büyük bir çaba göstermişlerdi. Morgan'ın Eski Toplum'u* karşısında, İngiltere'deki "tarih-öncesi" bilim sözcülerinin tumumu da başka türlü olmadı. Benim bu çalışmam, yitip giden dostumun yapamadığı işin yerini, ancak güçsüz bir şekilde doldurabilir. Bununla birlikte, Marx'ın Morgan'dan çıkardığı bol sayıda özet1 arasında bulunan eleştiri notları elimin altında. Bu çalışmada elden geldiğince bu notları kullandım.Materyalist anlayışa göre, tarihte, egemen etken, sonunda, maddi yaşamın üretimi ve yeniden-üretimidir. Ama bu üretim, ikili bir özlüğe sahiptir. Bir yandan, yaşam araçlarının, beslenmeye, giyinmeye, barınmaya yarayan nesnelerin, ve bunların gerektirdiği aletlerin üretimi; öbür yandan bizzat insanların üretimi, türün üremesi.2 Belirli bir tarihsel dönem ve belirli bir ülkedeki insanların içinde yaşadıkları toplumsal kurumlar, bu iki türlü üretim tarafından, bir yandan emeğin, öbür yandan da ailenin erişmiş bulunduğu gelişme aşaması tarafından belirlenir. Emeğin erişmiş bulunduğu gelişme aşaması ne kadar düşük, toplam emek ürünü ve bunun sonucu, toplumun sahip bulunduğu servet ne kadar az ise, kan bağının ağır basan etkisi, toplumsal düzen üzerinde o kadar çok belirleyici görünür. Ama kan bağına dayanan bu toplumsal yapı çerçevesinde, emek üretkenliği gitgide artar; ve onunla birlikte, özel mülkiyet ve değişim, servetler arasında eşitsizlik, başkasının emek-gücünden yararlanabilme olanağı, sonuç olarak, sınıflar arasındaki karşıtlıkların temeli de gelişir; bütün bu yeni toplumsal öğeler, kuşaklar boyunca, eski toplumsal kuruluşu yeni koşullara uyarlamak için, bunların arasındaki bağdaşmazlık tam bir devrim sonucu verene kadar var güçleriyle etkide bulunurlar. Kan bağı üzerine kurulmuş eski toplum, yeni yeni gelişmiş toplumsal sınıfların çatışması sonucu değişir; yerini, artık dayanaklarını kan bağı üzerine kurulmuş toplulukların değil, belirli bir ülkede yaşayan toplulukların oluşturduğu devlet içinde örgütlenen aile rejiminin tamamen mülkiyet rejimi tarafından belirlendiği günümüze kadar gelen yazılı tarihin bütün özünü biçimlendiren sınıflar çatışması ve sınıflar savaşımının artık içinde özgürce gelişeceği yeni bir topluma bırakır.

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Length 256 Pages
Language Tur
Imprint Sol Yayınları
Released May 26, 1884
Identifier (ISBN) 7345362
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Friedrich Engels

Friedrich Engels writes contemporary fiction and has always been fascinated by character-driven stories. They hold a degree in English Literature and previously worked as an editor before transitioning to writing their own books. Friedrich Engels lives with their spouse and a very vocal rescue cat.

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"I was completely blown away. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
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Joshua Young
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"I thoroughly enjoyed the elegance of it. The middle had a deliberate pace, but the climax was phenomenal. A very distinguished novel."
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"I thoroughly enjoyed the elegance of it. The protagonist was compelling, though some subplots felt slightly overshadowed. A very distinguished novel."
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"I thoroughly enjoyed the elegance of it. The protagonist was compelling, though some subplots felt slightly overshadowed. A wonderful companion for a quiet weekend."
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"Absolutely brilliant. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece."
Jacob Perez
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"A profoundly satisfying read. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. An effortless 5 stars."
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"Excellent, though slightly flawed. The protagonist was compelling, though some subplots felt slightly overshadowed. Quite impressive overall."
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"A profoundly satisfying read. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. Worth every moment spent reading."
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Deborah Adams September 23, 2025
"Absolutely brilliant. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. An effortless 5 stars."
Emily Lee
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"A profoundly satisfying read. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece."
Jennifer Anderson
Jennifer Anderson July 02, 2025
"I find myself somewhat conflicted. Certain acts were fascinating, while others felt like a slight endeavor to complete. A fair 3 stars."
Charles Clark
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"I thoroughly enjoyed the elegance of it. A brilliant concept executed with flair. Just a few pacing choices I would change. A wonderful companion for a quiet weekend."
Sarah Harris
Sarah Harris May 23, 2024
"Absolutely brilliant. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. A true literary gem."
Sharon Brown
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"I was completely blown away. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. I will undoubtedly revisit this masterpiece."
Anthony Clark
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Dorothy Diaz
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"A highly sophisticated read. The protagonist was compelling, though some subplots felt slightly overshadowed. I would highly recommend this to discerning readers."
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"Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. A true literary gem."
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"Masterpiece from start to finish. I adored how the story unfolded. It kept me captivated without sacrificing elegance. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
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Charles Clark
Charles Clark July 18, 2024
"Such a rich narrative. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. Worth every moment spent reading."
Sandra  Parker
Sandra Parker July 15, 2024
"Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
Kenneth Collins
Kenneth Collins June 24, 2024
"Excellent, though slightly flawed. Beautiful writing, though I craved slightly more depth in the lore. Still, undeniably engaging. Quite impressive overall."
Michael Garcia
Michael Garcia November 21, 2024
"Excellent, though slightly flawed. The protagonist was compelling, though some subplots felt slightly overshadowed. I would highly recommend this to discerning readers."
Sarah Harris
Sarah Harris October 21, 2024
"A profoundly satisfying read. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. A true literary gem."
Kenneth Collins
Kenneth Collins November 06, 2025
"I find myself somewhat conflicted. It verged on repetitive in the second act. A more concise edit would have served it well. Suitable if your reading queue is empty."
John Reyes
John Reyes April 26, 2024
"Absolutely brilliant. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. An effortless 5 stars."
Laura Carter
Laura Carter August 18, 2024
"Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. Worth every moment spent reading."
Donald Lewis
Donald Lewis September 10, 2024
"I thoroughly enjoyed the elegance of it. The protagonist was compelling, though some subplots felt slightly overshadowed. Quite impressive overall."
Nicholas Miller
Nicholas Miller October 16, 2024
"Such a rich narrative. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. An effortless 5 stars."
William Taylor
William Taylor November 30, 2024
"Masterpiece from start to finish. I became deeply invested in the protagonist's journey. A masterclass in storytelling. Worth every moment spent reading."
Kimberly Martin
Kimberly Martin August 08, 2024
"A highly sophisticated read. Beautiful writing, though I craved slightly more depth in the lore. Still, undeniably engaging. A very distinguished novel."
Christopher Rodriguez
Christopher Rodriguez January 23, 2024
"Masterpiece from start to finish. The pacing was impeccable and the characters felt incredibly authentic. I was completely immersed. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
Michelle Flores
Michelle Flores February 07, 2024
"A profoundly satisfying read. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
Matthew Cruz
Matthew Cruz April 19, 2024
"A profoundly satisfying read. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
Emily Scott
Emily Scott July 15, 2024
"A profoundly satisfying read. The author orchestrated a breathtaking finale. Truly a work of art. I am now a lifelong fan of this author."
Ashley Gomez
Ashley Gomez October 20, 2024
"Honestly one of the most premium reading experiences lately. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
William Flores
William Flores April 04, 2025
"Absolutely brilliant. The prose is exquisite. It’s accessible yet undeniably sophisticated. An absolute must-read for connoisseurs of the genre."
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